James Webb spots galaxies similar to our own Milky Way

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NASAThe James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) spotted galaxies similar to our own Milky Way that formed when the universe was only 25 percent of its current age, and one was 11 billion years old.

These vast collections of gas, dust and stars are also the first to contain stellar bars – elongated forms of stars that extend from the centers of galaxies to their outer disks – shortly after the Big Bang 13.7 billion years ago.

Bar stars are present in our galaxy, but this is the first time scientists have seen them in the early universe – a discovery that ‘will require astrophysicists to refine their theories of galaxy evolution.’

Shardha Jogee, Professor of Astronomy at the University of Texas in Austin, said in a statement: ‘This discovery of early columns means that models of galaxy evolution now have a new pathway through the columns to accelerate the production of new stars at early ages.’

James Webb spots galaxies similar to our own Milky Way

NASA’s James Webb spotted galaxies similar to our own Milky Way that formed in the early universe. These galaxies have stellar bars, which are elongated shapes of stars that extend from the centers of galaxies into their outer disks

NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope has detected bars before, but never at ages this young.

In the Hubble image, one galaxy, EGS-23205, is little more than a disc-shaped blob, but in the corresponding JWST image taken this past summer, it is a beautiful spiral galaxy with a clear star bar.

“I took one look at that data and said, ‘We’re dropping everything else!’ Jogee said.

‘The bars, barely visible in the Hubble data, just stood out in the JWST image, demonstrating the extraordinary power of the JWST to see the underlying structure in galaxies.’

The team identified six barred galaxies ranging in age from eight billion to 11 billion years.

Yuchen ‘Kay’ Guo, the graduate student who led the analysis, said: ‘For this study, we are looking at a new regime where no one has used this kind of data or done this kind of quantitative analysis, so everything is new. . It’s like going into a forest where no one has gone before.”

Bars are found in up to 65 percent of spiral galaxies and affect the motion of stars, dust, and gas.

Scientists believe that the bars act as a funnel that pulls material into the bulge from the disc, accelerating star formation.

Bars also help supermassive black holes grow at the centers of galaxies by channeling the gas part of the way.

“The rods solve the supply chain problem in galaxies,” Jogee said.

Just as we need to bring raw materials from the harbor to the factories inland that make new products, the rod strongly transports gas into the central region, where the gas is rapidly converted into new stars at a rate typically 10 to 100 times faster than the rest of the star. galaxies.’

For many years, astronomers believed that our galaxy was home to a stellar bar, although its presence was inferred indirectly.

According to the Spitzer Space Telescope team, the reason the columns were not confirmed in the Milky Way is likely due to our starting point within the disk of the galaxy.

This makes it “difficult to precisely determine the size and shape of this bar and the surrounding spiral arms,” ​​the team said.

The team identified six barred galaxies ranging in age from eight billion to 11 billion years

The team identified six barred galaxies ranging in age from eight billion to 11 billion years

The first study to ‘find’ a stellar bat at the center of our galaxy was published in 2005.

A team of astronomers from the University of Wisconsin-Madison used NASA’s Spitzer to study more than 30 million stars at the center of the Milky Way.

An infrared telescope in orbit allowed astronomers to see bright stars through clouds of interstellar dust, painting a vivid portrait of the center of the galaxy.

Ed Churchwell, who was involved in the project, said: “We’re pretty confident about the size and direction of this band because we have more data than anyone else who’s ever brought the problem to a long term.”

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James Webb Telescope: NASA’s $10 billion telescope designed to detect light from the earliest stars and galaxies

The James Webb Telescope has been described as a “time machine” that could help unlock the secrets of our universe.

The telescope will be used to look back at the first galaxies born in the early universe more than 13.5 billion years ago and observe the origins of stars, exoplanets and even the moons and planets of our solar system.

The massive telescope, which has already cost more than $7bn (£5bn), is billed as the successor to the orbiting Hubble Space Telescope.

The James Webb Telescope and most of its instruments have an operating temperature of about 40 Kelvin – about minus 387 Fahrenheit (minus 233 Celsius).

It is the world’s largest and most powerful orbiting space telescope, which can look back 100-200 million years after the Big Bang.

The orbiting infrared observatory is designed to be about 100 times more powerful than its predecessor, the Hubble Space Telescope.

NASA likes to think of James Webb as a successor to Hubble rather than a replacement, as the two will work in tandem for a while.

The Hubble Telescope was launched on April 24, 1990, aboard the Discovery rocket from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

It orbits the Earth at about 17,000 miles per hour (27,300 km/h) in a low-Earth orbit at about 340 miles above sea level.

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